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Civil Sub Engineer Exam Solutions – Karnali Province Civil Sub Engineer – Written Exam Solutions Karnali Province Public Service Commission Technical Subject – Full Paper Explanation Section-A (Short Answers – 45 Marks) 1. Define fluid. Write its types. What are the differences between ideal and real fluid? (1+1+3) Fluid: A substance that can flow and has no fixed shape (e.g., liquids and gases). Types of Fluid: Ideal Fluid Real Fluid Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids Compressible and Incompressible Fluids Difference between Ideal and Real Fluid: Ideal Fluid is non-viscous; Real Fluid has viscosity. Ideal Fluid offers no resistance to motion; Real Fluid resists flow. Ideal Fluid is imaginary; Real Fluids exist in practice. 2. Define open channel. Describe different types of open channel. (2+3) Open Channel: A passage where liquid f...